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How to flash the BIOS without a floppy, using the CD-ROM

This is based on this how-to from Ubuntu forum, I’ve tested the CD-ROM method and it works flawlessly :-)

In summary, after being sure that a bios update is REALLY necessary, this is what I’ve done:

wget http://www.fdos.org/bootdisks/autogen/FDOEM.144.gz
gunzip FDOEM.144.gz
mkdir /tmp/cdr
sudo mount -t vfat -o loop FDOEM.144 /tmp/cdr
sudo cp ~/NewBiosFiles/* /tmp/cdr
sudo umount /tmp/cdr
sudo apt-get install mkisofs
mkisofs -o newBIOS.iso -b FDOEM.144 FDOEM.144
cdrecord -v newBIOS.iso

I hope this can be useful if you need to upgrade the BIOS and don’t have a floppy (and in my case the BIOS also didn’t support USB boot using a PEN, in that case I could use unetbootin to make a bootable DOS pen like I normally do with other PCs.

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How to produce a drum sound similar to Massive Attack

This kind of drum sound is not very easy to obtain, but here are some tips to try (from the kvraudio forum, posted by soniccouture in 2006)

You don’t need 9 vintage comps to acheive that kind of drum sound. Some thoughts …

1.Use a combination of real and electronic drums. Shorten the decay of real hats and snares to make them sound more electronic. Practice layering real kicks with electronic ones.

2. don’t underestimate the importance of tuning drum samples. This can make a real snare sound slightly synthetic ( in a good way), or tighten up your hats or kick within the rest of the drum pattern. The way they fit together is the key, not the way they sound in isolation.

3. EQ. snap up real snares with lots of 10khz, cut the low end around 200hz. Fizz hats with 8khz.

4. More EG work -once you have your drum pattern going, adjust EG’s of individual sounds so that decays don’t intefere, to give a more intricate, precise sound.

5. Start compressing and limiting. To get the clicky, snappy high end, set a comp ( on the drum group channel) to very short attack – 1ms, and a very short release – 30-40ms. bring down the threshold, bring up the ratio to 4. Hear it get poppy and snappy. back of threshold until its sounds right to you.

5. Now try compressing again, with something more gentle, to squash it all together a bit.

6. Limit. hard. Get the peaks whacking a hard limiter, it’ll flatten and crisp it all up some more.

7. if its still not there, maybe add some EQ after the limiter. be creative, see what works. cut some 1khz, boost some 3, or 8, or 10. birng up 75 hz if kick is a bit thin.

8. Practice this alot. for many years! Being able to make great drum sounds does not happen overnight.
Good luck.

Link to the complete thread: http://www.kvraudio.com/forum/printview.php?t=149102&start=0

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Install low latency kernel on Ubuntu (Studio) 10.10 (Maverick)

After upgrading my Ubuntu from 10.04 to 10.10 I’ve noticed that there was no realtime or low latency kernel for it

The standard kernel behaves very well (for a standard kernel at least) with audio applications, at least up to what I tested – hydrogen, rackarrack (even with heavy processing effects) and 2 instances of ZynAddSubFx.  But I want to test Maverick with audio applications at least with a Low Latency kernel, so I used google, and found some references for how to do it. Unfortunately they link to unavailable kernel versions. I’ve also asked in Ubuntu Studio mailing list and Mike Holstein said that he used the process described in the following link:

http://jackschnippes.freeunix.net/index.php/2010/11/04/lowlatency-kernel-and-realtime-kernel-for-ubuntu-10-10-maverick

This was one of the links I have found googling, and has the problem of broken link (the kernels referenced are not available anymore). So to make the story short, I’ve searched for newer kernel packages and headers (these are for Natty (11.04) but work on Maverick), and this is what I have done to have a low latency kernel installed in my Ubuntu Maverick (10.10) home studio PC (AMD64):

First, download the packages (headers from a Ubuntu Natty mirror, kernels from Alessio PPA):

wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/ubuntu//pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-2.6.37-12_2.6.37-12.26_all.deb

wget http://ppa.launchpad.net/abogani/ppa/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lowlatency/linux-headers-2.6.37-12-lowlatency_2.6.37-12.26~ppa3_amd64.deb

wget http://ppa.launchpad.net/abogani/ppa/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lowlatency/linux-image-2.6.37-12-lowlatency_2.6.37-12.26~ppa3_amd64.deb

Then, install the packages:

sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-2.6.37-12_2.6.37-12.26_all.deb

sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-2.6.37-12-lowlatency_2.6.37-12.26~ppa3_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i linux-image-2.6.37-12-lowlatency_2.6.37-12.26~ppa3_amd64.deb

And Voilá, a working low latency kernel on Maverick

For i386 architectures (didn’t test it), you can use the following packages instead:

PAE (more than 4GB RAM):

http://ppa.launchpad.net/abogani/ppa/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lowlatency/linux-headers-2.6.37-12-lowlatency-pae_2.6.37-12.26~ppa3_i386.deb

http://ppa.launchpad.net/abogani/ppa/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lowlatency/linux-image-2.6.37-12-lowlatency-pae_2.6.37-12.26~ppa3_i386.deb

Non PAE:

http://ppa.launchpad.net/abogani/ppa/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lowlatency/linux-headers-2.6.37-12-lowlatency_2.6.37-12.26~ppa3_i386.deb

http://ppa.launchpad.net/abogani/ppa/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux-lowlatency/linux-image-2.6.37-12-lowlatency_2.6.37-12.26~ppa3_i386.deb

Now it is time to test this new kernel, but this will be another article. Please post any comment or correction, as I said I didn’t test the i386 platform, so you could post your results. I want to thank to Mike for its help in the Ubuntu Studio mailing list (and all the other users from Ubuntu Studio mailinglist that gave me suggestions about this) and Alessio for its excellent work with the low latency and realtime kernels.

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How to install Openmeetings 1.6 rc1 on Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS

This how-to is based on this how-to written in Spanish for the 1.5 rc1 openmeetings version.

First we need to add the partner repositories, editing the sources.list file and removing the comments for the partner lines

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update

Then install the necessary packages

sudo apt-get install -y java-package sun-java6-bin sun-java6-jdk sun-java6-jre mysql-server openoffice.org-writer openoffice.org-calc

sudo apt-get install -y openoffice.org-impress openoffice.org-draw openoffice.org-math imagemagick gs-gpl libart-2.0-2 libt1-5 zip unzip bzip2 subversion git-core checkinstall

sudo apt-get install -y yasm texi2html libfaac-dev libfaad-dev libmp3lame-dev libsdl1.2-dev libx11-dev libxfixes-dev libxvidcore-dev zlib1g-dev libogg-dev sox libvorbis0a libvorbis-dev libgsm1 libgsm1-dev libfaad2 flvtool2 lame swftools

Now, for the ffmpeg, it is necessary to download, compile and install it:

wget http://www.ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-0.6.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf ffmpeg-0.6.1.tar.gz
cd ffmpeg-0.6.1/
./configure –enable-libmp3lame –enable-libxvid –enable-libvorbis –enable-libgsm –enable-libfaad –enable-libfaac –enable-gpl –enable-nonfree
make
sudo checkinstall

Now that all the dependencies for Openmeetings are met, let’s start the Openmeetings installation.

Get openmeetings  (this includes the Red5 server):

wget http://openmeetings.googlecode.com/files/openmeetings_1_6_rc1_r3621.zip

Extract it and move it to /opt

unzip openmeetings_1_6_rc1_r3621.zip
sudo mv red5 /opt/

Change owner to nobody

sudo chown -R nobody: /opt/red5

Make all the scrips executable

sudo chmod +x /opt/red5/*.sh
sudo chmod +x /opt/red5/webapps/openmeetings/jod/*.sh

Now let’s create the startup script for openmeetings:

sudo nano /etc/init.d/red5

Paste the following code:

#! /bin/sh
#
# red5 red5 initscript
#
# Author: Simon Eisenmann .
#
set -e
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC=”Red5 flash streaming server”
NAME=red5
RED5_HOME=/opt/red5
DAEMON=$RED5_HOME/$NAME.sh
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
# Gracefully exit if the package has been removed.
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
# Read config file if it is present.
if [ -r /etc/default/$NAME ]
then
. /etc/default/$NAME
fi
#
# Function that starts the daemon/service.
#
d_start() {
start-stop-daemon –start -c nobody –pidfile $PIDFILE –chdir $RED5_HOME –background –make-pidfile –exec $DAEMON
}
#
# Function that stops the daemon/service.
#
d_stop() {
start-stop-daemon –stop –quiet –pidfile $PIDFILE –name java
rm -f $PIDFILE
}
case “$1″ in
start)
echo -n “Starting $DESC: $NAME”
d_start
echo “.”
;;
stop)
echo -n “Stopping $DESC: $NAME”
d_stop
echo “.”
;;

restart|force-reload)
echo -n “Restarting $DESC: $NAME”
d_stop
sleep 1
d_start
echo “.”
;;

*)
echo “Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}” >&2
exit 1
;;

esac
exit 0
exit 0

(above code available here)

Now the same thing for openoffice startup script:

sudo nano /etc/init.d/openoffice

Paste the following code:

#!/bin/bash
# openoffice.org headless server script
#
# chkconfig: 2345 80 30
# description: headless openoffice server script
# processname: openoffice
#
# Author: Vic Vijayakumar
# Modified by Federico Ch. Tomasczik
#
OOo_HOME=/usr/bin
SOFFICE_PATH=$OOo_HOME/soffice
PIDFILE=/var/run/openoffice-server.pid
set -e
case “$1″ in
start)
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]; then
echo “OpenOffice headless server has already started.”
sleep 5
exit
fi
echo “Starting OpenOffice headless server”
$SOFFICE_PATH -headless -nologo -nofirststartwizard -accept=”socket,host=127.0.0.1,port=8100;urp” & > /dev/null 2>&1
touch $PIDFILE
;;
stop)
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]; then
echo “Stopping OpenOffice headless server.”
killall -9 soffice && killall -9 soffice.bin
rm -f $PIDFILE
exit
fi
echo “Openoffice headless server is not running.”
exit
;;
*)
echo “Usage: $0 {start|stop}”
exit 1
esac
exit 0

(above code available here)

Make both scripts executable:

sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/red5
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/openoffice

Now let’s make both services start automatically:

sudo update-rc.d red5 defaults
sudo update-rc.d openoffice defaults

Almost done, now to create openmeetings database (we have created a database user named openmeetings with the password password):

echo “CREATE USER openmeetings@localhost;” | mysql -u root -p
echo “CREATE DATABASE openmeetings DEFAULT CHARACTER SET ‘utf8′;” | mysql -u root -p
echo “GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON openmeetings.* TO ‘openmeetings’@'localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’ WITH GRANT OPTION;” | mysql -u root -p
echo “FLUSH PRIVILEGES;” | mysql -u root -p

And now configure openmeetings to use the database user created above:

sudo nano /opt/red5/webapps/openmeetings/conf/hibernate.cfg.xml

In the User / Password section, configure the correct database username (openmeetings) and password (password)

Now start openmeetings and openoffice:

sudo /etc/init.d/red5 start
sudo /etc/init.d/openoffice start

Go to a browser and point to the following link:

http://[server ip]:5080/openmeetings/install

Press “Continue with step 1”

Then, fill the following fields:

Username
Userpass
Email
User time zone
Name
Default language

Then, finally click on the “Install” button, and that’s it!

Please post your comments and suggestions

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Openmeetings 1.6 RC1 VMWare appliance (using Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS)

I’ve made a new VMWare image running Openmeetings, V1.6 RC1, available here (the previous one is still available here). There is also a how-to that I made during the VMWare image creation, if you are interested.

The operating system is Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Server Edition, the login credentials are administrator / password. The same username and password was used for the Openmeetings login. MySQL root password is password. Openmeetings database user credentials are openmeetings / password. All functions are configured, including OpenOffice server for document conversion.

When starting the VM, VMWare will ask if the VM was moved or copied. I suggest to choose ‘moved’, if you choose ‘copied’, VMWare will create a new MAC Address for the network interface and the VM will start with no network interface (it has to be manually reconfigured to match the new MAC Address)

The VM is using DHCP (you will have to execute ifconfig to know its IP address and have a DHCP server running in your network). If you need to configure a fixed IP address you have to manually reconfigure the network interface.

After having the image running, use the following URL to access it: http://[ip address]:5080/openmeetings

Login using the credentials administrator / password

Choose the tab “Administration” and then “Configuration”. Now configure at least the SMTP server, port, system email address, email username and email userpass to enable the email notifications.

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